The process of making your own wine is a fairly simple one, although it can be overwhelming to someone trying it for the first time. Learn the basics of making wine first before you try to do too much or try out crazy recipes with different fruits. The absolute easiest way to get started is to buy a wine kit
The process is broken down like so…
1) Prep your fruit or juice.
You can buy ready to ferment juice by the 5 gallon bucket or you can get creative and extract flavor and aroma from your base fruit by crushing, boiling or pressing them into a mush. This fruit pulp mixture is called ‘must’. You could stomp on them if you really want to get an old world feel to your wine making. (Never tried the foot method.. I would make sure your feet are scrubbed clean and free of any ointment or powder. Gold Bond wine anyone?)
2) Test and adjust the specific gravity of your concoction.
Specific gravity is a measurement of how dense the liquid is compared to water. The more sugar that is in your liquid the denser it will be. Sugar is what the yeast feast on during fermentation, alcohol is the yeast byproduct.. You drink yeast piss to get drunk.
A wine kit will come with a hydrometer that measures specific gravity. You want a measurement of approximately 1.095. The specific gravity will also tell you the potential alcohol concentration of your must. Just know that 1.095 comes out to roughly 13% alcohol.
3) Add wine making yeast and ferment around 7 days.
Have your liquid or must in a primary fermentation vessel. This can be as simple as a 5 gallon pail with a clean towel draped over it. Keep in relatively cool temperature (70-75F) and check a couple times to make sure fermentation has not stopped. There should be bubbles at the top and it will actively bubble when fermentation is at its peak. I like to keep the wine in the basement for a steady cooler temperature.
4) Rack into secondary vessel.
If you used a must you will need to strain off the pulp. You can squeeze the juices out of the pulp back into your mixture so you are not wasting any. A secondary vessel is usually a carboy or jug with an airlock. During this time you will want to have your carboy filled nearly to the top by either adding water, more juice or an inert gas to keep your liquid from oxidizing. This is super important otherwise you could ruin your whole batch of wine. A full carboy with an airlock on it will prevent oxygen from destroying the wine.
During this time leave it sit in a cool area (65F) for about a month and it will continue to ferment and clear.
5) Second racking.
After about a months time fermentation has ceased. Siphon out the wine into another vessel making sure to pick up as little sediment as possible. There will be a layer at the bottom of the carboy, do your best to leave this undisturbed. You may need to add some liquid again to the carboy. It is best to use a little water or some wine, adding juice at this point can really sweeten the wine or even cause fermentation to restart if there are any dormant yeast. When transferred attach the airlock and let be.
6) Racking and aging.
After another month repeat the process of siphoning into another vessel making sure not to pick up any sediment from the bottom. When transferred add water if needed and reattach the airlock. Set somewhere cool and let bulk age for 3 months.
You could repeat this process if you wanted, some wines need aged longer. If you are using a juice kit then bulk aging one time is more than enough. Adding oak chips or other aromatics during bulk aging can give the wine different characteristics.
7) Bottle.
Now your wine is ready to bottle. Siphon your wine into bottles and cork. Store the bottles on their side in a cool place. You could drink it now but it is best to let bottle age for 6 months for whites to a year or more for reds. You will be surprised how much the wine changes during in this period.
There can be much more involved than what I described but this should be well enough to get an understanding of what the process is like.
Happy Drinking!
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